17^th International Conference on Nephrology & Urology March 12-13, 2018 London , UK

Dialysis is carried out as a result of reduction in the functionality of the healthy kidneys.  It is needed when the kidneys can no longer take care of body's needs. Failing of kidneys pose the accumulation of wastes, salt and extra water content in the body leading to swelling of body. Optimum levels of certain prominent and useful chemicals in your blood, such as potassium, sodium and bicarbonate can be attained by dialysis.

Kidney transplantation is a procedure that places a healthy kidney from another person into your body. This one new kidney takes over the work of your two failed kidneys. Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. Kidney stones and urinary tract infections can usually be treated successfully. Unfortunately, the exact causes of some kidney diseases are still unknown, and specific treatments are not yet available for them. Sometimes, chronic kidney disease may progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Treating high blood pressure with special medications called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors often helps to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. A great deal of research is being done to find more effective treatment for all conditions that can cause chronic kidney disease.

In the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication where Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is frequently implemented in children in whom the supportive therapy is not to the mark to touch  the metabolic demands.

In majority, Peritoneal dialysis is more preferred for children in the times of renal replacement because of the non-complexity of the procedure. In most of the pediatric end stage renal disease, peritoneal dialysis is more preferred as it can be done even in home. 

Kidney disease complications can be controlled to make you more comfortable by using drugs. T Medications to lower cholesterol levels, High blood pressure, treat anemia, relieve swelling, protects your bones,  and lower protein diet to minimize waste products in your blood, Dialysis, Kidney transplant. Helps in the treatment, Drugs containing Vitamin D keeps bones strong and healthy. Iron therapy can help increase levels of iron in the body when rhEPO therapy alone is not effective.

 As a result of changes in the way we eat and live, some chronic diseases are increasingly affecting both developed and developing countries. Indeed, diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, dental disease, andosteoporosis are the most common cause of death in the world and present a great burden for society.

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities. Supplements as generally understood include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, among other substances. U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods, while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products. The application of nutrition science in the promotion of health, peak performance and individual care. Registered Nutritional Therapists use a wide range of tools to assess and identify potential nutritional imbalances and understand how these may contribute to an individual’s symptoms and health concerns. This approach allows them to work with individuals to address nutritional balance and help support the body towards maintaining health. Nutritional Therapy is recognised as a complementary medicine and is relevant for individuals with chronic conditions, as well as those looking for support to enhance their health and wellbeing.

Hyper metabolism & Hyper catabolism

Immunonutrition

Refeeding Syndrome

Pre-dialysis renal diet

Renal Supplements

Chronic kidney disease diet

Metabolic Alterations in Kidney diseases

Patient Safety

Nutrition, Inflammation, and Metabolism

The aims of this study were to assess the clinical utility of total and regional bone densitometry in a large continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) population and to determine the clinical, biochemical, and radiographic variables that best identified osteopenic CAPD patients.

The diagnostic and prognostic validity of sperm function biomarkers is particularly relevant for males with unexplained infertility in which routine semen analysis fails to detect sub cellular   sperm dysfunctions. In this general review, we examine there are several types of acute nephritis. They are Interstitial Nephritis: The spaces between the renal tubules that form urine become inflamed. Pyelonephritis: This type of acute nephritis produces inflammation in the glomeruli. Interstitial Nephritis: This type is often caused by an allergic reaction to a medication or antibiotic.

The majority of nephritis infections occur from the bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli), which is found in the intestine.

Clinical Renal Densitometry

Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis

Lupus Nephritis

Glomerulonephritis

Passive Heymann nephritis

Pyelonephritis

Interstitial Nephritis

Pediatric Nephritis

Acute Nephrosis

Urogynecology

Biomarkers in nephrology

Diabetes

Kidney function studies: Increased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN)  and creatinine are the hallmarks of renal failure; the ratio of BUN to creatinine may exceed 20:1 in conditions that favor the enhanced reabsorption of urea, such as volume contraction (this suggests prerenal AKI.   Serologic tests, Bladder pressure, Ultrasonography, Aortorenal angiography, Renal biopsy. Are the tests which add their Support in the diagnosis of kidney diseases.

Nephrology Nursing is a planned attempt to increase nursing knowledge by the discovery of new facts through systematic enquiry. It includes: Improvement in patient care, Reduced cost of kidney careprovision, Accountability and protection against litigation, Addition to the existing body of nursing knowledge, Enhancement of nursing as a profession.

Renal care nursing is the field of nursing with a focus on the most extreme consideration of the discriminatingly sick or unsteady chronic kidney patients. Contamination revultion and nursing consideration is the control concerned with turning away nosocomial or health awareness related disease, a functional (as opposed to scholastic) sub-order of the study of disease transmission. Infants who need escalated restorative consideration are regularly conceded into a unique region of the clinic called the Neonatal serious care and nursing consideration. The part of backing in discriminating nursing consideration: Critical consideration medical attendants work in a wide assortment of settings, filling numerous parts including bedside clinicians, attendant teachers, medical caretaker analysts, medical caretaker supervisors, clinical medical caretaker authorities and medical attendant professionals. Measurements of Renal Care Nursing's mission is to give attendants exact, current, and applicable data and lodging to exceed expectations in discriminating consideration rehearse.

• Primary Care Nephrology
• Clinical implications and renal care
• Interventional renal Nurses
• Physical, occupational, & speech therapies
• Kidney Care Support Services
• Public Health and Community
• Innovative Approaches in renal health
• Treatment by Antimicrobial Agents

Dialysis, kidney transplantation, medications, blood products, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal replacement therapy, plasma exchange and are the key parameters that helps in the treatment of  Kidney problems .Managing diet and weight modification and proper planning for end stage kidney failure, psychological support  aids in the fields of Treatments in nephrology .

The arterial pressure in the systemic circulation is referred to as “Blood Pressure”. Increase in the pressure through the walls of the vessels creates a force resulting in a state called hypertension.  Hypertension is the result of narrow, stiff or clogged blood vessels and presence of higher levels of fluid in the blood.  Long term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including kidney failure, heart disease and stroke.

The arterial pressure in the systemic circulation is referred to as “Blood Pressure”. Increase in the pressure through the walls of the vessels creates a force resulting in a state called hypertension.  Hypertension is the result of narrow, stiff or clogged blood vessels and presence of higher levels of fluid in the blood.  Long term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including kidney failure, heart disease and stroke.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) otherwise known as chronic renal disease is a state in which the kidney fails to function over time. Chronic kidney disease has no impact at the early states but as the time proceeds the kidneys can no longer be able to remove enough wastes and excess fluids from the body. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two most common causes that account in most of the cases

Inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys leads to a state called Glomerulonephritis also known as glomerular nephritis .Glomeruli helps in the removal of excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them through the urine  maintaining the stability of the body. Albuminuria, haematuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate, hypoproteinemia, edema are the symptoms of this disease.

In the paediatric and neonatal intensive care units Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication where Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is frequently implemented in children in whom the supportive therapy is not to the mark to touch  the metabolic demands. 

In majority, Peritoneal dialysis is more preferred for children in the times of renal replacement because of the non-complexity of the procedure. In most of the pediatric end stage renal disease, peritoneal dialysis is more preferred as it can be done even in home.

Kidney stones are otherwise called as a “Nephrolith” or “Renal calculus”, which are formed in the urine due to the accumulation of excessive minerals. One cannot confine stones to form only in the kidney but there are many cases where the formation of stones included urethra, bladder and ureters. In 2013, 49 million cases of kidney stones have been reported. As a result around 15,000 were dead throughout the world.

The preliminary symptoms of kidney stone presence include the unbearable pain in the area between the abdomen and the upper thigh on either side of the body or between the ribs and the hip which is referred to as Renal Colic.

Urinary tract infection is the second most reported infection in humans in the world. The urinary tract consists of the bladder, the kidneys, the ureters and the urethra that helps in the removal of waste and excess water. The kidney filter the blood, remove wastes and plays a major role in the conversion of excess water into urine, which then travels down the ureters and is stored in the bladder and released through the urethra as urine. Urinary tract infections are the second most common reasons for the usage of antibiotics. Urinary tract infection is caused by the intestinal bacterium E. coli. Women are more likely to get UTI than men because their urethras are shorter. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine to prevent recurrent UTI but however taking few measures can prevent getting effect by the disease.